书画市场上，印刷品冒充手绘很常见。远看颜色一样，放大看差别就出来了。这篇讲三个关键观察点：网点、墨色、笔触。
三个关键观察点
看网点
印刷品是用网点拼出颜色的。用 10 倍放大镜看，会看到规则排列的小点。手绘没有网点，颜色是连续的、有浓淡变化。
- 颜色连续，无规则小点
- 浓淡自然过渡
- 放大后看到笔触
- 可见规则网点
- 颜色是点拼成的
- 放大后是印刷结构
看墨色
手绘的墨色是渗入纸或绢的，有层次、有渗化。印刷品的墨色浮在表面，颜色均匀，缺少自然变化。
- 墨色渗入纸绢
- 有浓淡、有渗化
- 背面有墨透
- 墨色浮于表面
- 颜色均匀、无渗化
- 背面无墨透
看笔触
手绘有笔触，起笔、收笔、转折都有笔锋。印刷品没有真实笔触，只有网点的边缘。
- 有起笔、收笔、笔锋
- 转折有力度变化
- 线条有粗细变化
- 无真实笔触
- 线条边缘整齐
- 无粗细变化
三个观察点速查表
| 观察点 | 手绘 | 印刷品 |
|---|---|---|
| 网点 | 无 | 有规则网点 |
| 墨色 | 渗入纸绢，有层次 | 浮于表面，均匀 |
| 笔触 | 有笔锋、有变化 | 无笔触 |
| 背面 | 可能有墨透 | 通常无墨透 |
上手怎么看？
- 先看整体：远看颜色是否过于均匀、缺少变化
- 再看网点：用 10 倍放大镜看有无规则网点
- 看墨色：是否渗入纸绢，背面有没有墨透
- 看笔触：线条是否有起笔、收笔、粗细变化
常见误区
- 误区一：看着像就是手绘——现在高仿印刷品很像
- 误区二：有颜色就是手绘——印刷品也有颜色
- 误区三：有笔触就是手绘——木版水印也有笔触感
- 误区四：看落款就够了——落款也要看是不是后加
下一步可以做什么？
- 买一个 10 倍放大镜，随身携带
- 找一张确定的印刷品和一张手绘，对比着看
- 把每次看到的不同样本拍下来，做自己的对比库
In the painting market, prints passed off as hand-painted are common. They look the same from afar, but differ under magnification. Three key checks: halftone dots, ink, and brushwork.
Three key checks
Check for halftone dots
Prints build colour from dots. Under a 10x loupe, you'll see a regular pattern of small dots. Hand-painted works have no dots — colour is continuous and graded.
- Continuous colour, no dots
- Natural gradation
- Brushwork visible under loupe
- Regular halftone dots
- Colour built from dots
- Printed structure under loupe
Check the ink
Hand-painted ink sinks into paper or silk, with layers and bleed. Print ink sits on the surface, uniform and without natural variation.
- Ink sinks into paper/silk
- Gradation and bleed
- Show-through on reverse
- Ink on surface
- Uniform, no bleed
- No show-through
Check the brushwork
Hand-painted works show brush entry, exit, and turns. Prints have no real brushwork — only dot edges.
- Entry, exit, brush tip
- Turns show pressure changes
- Line width varies
- No real brushwork
- Lines edge-clean
- No width variation
Quick reference
| Check | Hand-painted | |
|---|---|---|
| Dots | None | Regular dots |
| Ink | Sinks in, layered | On surface, uniform |
| Brushwork | Tip, variation | None |
| Reverse | May show through | Usually none |
How to look
- Overall: is the colour too uniform from afar?
- Dots: 10x loupe for a regular dot pattern
- Ink: does it sink into the paper? reverse show-through?
- Brushwork: entry, exit, width variation
Common misconceptions
- Looks hand-painted = hand-painted — high-end prints are close
- Colour = hand-painted — prints have colour too
- Brushwork = hand-painted — woodblock watermarks show brushwork
- Just check the signature — check whether it's added later