“这是籽料吗？”——买和田玉最常问的问题。籽料贵，山料便宜，两者价差可以几十倍。但真上手，其实有迹可循。
一、四个特征，逐个看
皮色
籽料在河床中长期冲刷，矿物质沁入表面，形成皮色。山料没有皮色，只有风化层。
毛孔
籽料表面有细密的“汗毛孔”，是长期冲刷形成的天然凹坑。山料表面是粗糙的崩口或平整切面。
结构
籽料结构细腻，肉眼几乎看不到颗粒。山料结构较粗，常能看到颗粒感或“萝卜丝纹”。
手感
籽料上手温润、油滑，像握着一块油脂。山料上手偏干、偏涩，缺乏油润感。
二、对比表
| 特征 | 籽料 | 山料 |
|---|---|---|
| 皮色 | 自然皮色，渐变 | 无皮或染色 |
| 毛孔 | 细密自然 | 无毛孔 |
| 结构 | 细腻油润 | 颗粒感、干涩 |
| 手感 | 温润、压手 | 干涩、轻飘 |
| 价格 | 高 | 低 |
三、上手怎么看？
- 看皮色：自然光下看皮色是否有深浅变化
- 看毛孔：用放大镜看表面是否有细密凹坑
- 看结构：透光看内部是否细腻、有无颗粒
- 上手盘：感受温润感和重量感
四、常见的几个误区
- 误区一：有皮就是籽料——皮可以染
- 误区二：白就是好——白度不是唯一标准
- 误区三：有毛孔就是真——毛孔可以人工做
- 误区四：越重越好——重量要看体积比例
五、下一步可以做什么？
- 去正规店上手几件籽料和山料，感受油润度差异
- 用放大镜看天然毛孔和人工毛孔的区别
- 把每次看到的样本拍下来，做自己的对比库
"Is this seed material?" — the most common question when buying Hetian jade. Seed material is expensive, mountain material is cheap, and the price gap can be dozens of times. But in hand, there are signs.
1. Four features
Skin colour
Seed material is washed in riverbeds for ages; minerals seep into the surface, forming skin. Mountain material has no skin, only a weathered layer.
Pores
Seed material has fine "sweat pores" — natural pits from long washing. Mountain material has rough breaks or flat cuts.
Structure
Seed material is fine, almost no grain visible. Mountain material is coarser, often with grain or "radish shred" texture.
Feel
Seed material feels warm and oily, like holding a piece of fat. Mountain material feels dry and rough.
2. Comparison
| Feature | Seed | Mountain |
|---|---|---|
| Skin | Natural, gradual | None or dyed |
| Pores | Fine, natural | None |
| Structure | Fine, oily | Grainy, dry |
| Feel | Warm, weighty | Dry, light |
| Price | High | Low |
3. How to check
- Skin: natural light, look for depth variation
- Pores: loupe for fine natural pits
- Structure: backlight for fineness and grain
- Feel: warmth and weight in hand
4. Common misconceptions
- Has skin = seed — skin can be dyed
- White = good — whiteness isn't everything
- Has pores = real — pores can be faked
- Heavier = better — weight is relative to size